Genital Warts: Best Treatments for the Vulva & Top FAQs

Genital warts are a common and often misunderstood condition that can affect individuals of all genders, though they are particularly prevalent among those with vulvas. These warts, caused by certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), are a type of sexually transmitted infection (STI) that can cause significant emotional and physical discomfort. For individuals with vulvas, genital warts can appear around the vulva, vagina, cervix, and anus. They can be frustrating to deal with, but fortunately, there are a variety of treatments available that can help manage the condition.

In this article, we’ll explore the different treatments for genital warts around the vulva, including topical therapies, medical treatments, and surgical options. We'll also address common questions about the condition to give you a clearer understanding of how to handle genital warts effectively.

Understanding Genital Warts

Before diving into treatment options, it’s important to understand what genital warts are and how they form.

Genital warts are small growths or lumps that appear on the genital, anal, or vulvar areas. They are caused by a specific strain of HPV, particularly low-risk strains like HPV 6 and 11. HPV is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide, with millions of people being affected at any given time.

The virus is usually transmitted through sexual contact, and while many people with HPV never develop visible warts, others may experience outbreaks over time. Genital warts can be asymptomatic in some cases, while in others, they may cause itching, discomfort, or even bleeding.

Treatment Options for Genital Warts Around the Vulva

When it comes to treating genital warts around the vulva, there are several options to consider, ranging from over-the-counter topical treatments to more advanced medical procedures. The best treatment for genital warts depends on factors such as the size and location of the warts, the severity of the outbreak, and the individual’s health.

Here are the most effective treatment options available:

1. Topical Treatments

Topical treatments are the first line of defense for many individuals dealing with genital warts. These treatments are applied directly to the affected areas and work by either stimulating the immune system or destroying the wart tissue.

Imiquimod (Aldara, Zyclara)
Imiquimod is a prescription medication that boosts the immune system's response to HPV. It’s typically applied directly to the genital warts 3 times a week. The immune system is then encouraged to attack and remove the warts. While imiquimod is highly effective for many, it can cause skin irritation or redness, and it can take several weeks or even months to completely resolve the warts.

Podofilox (Condylox)
Podofilox is another topical treatment that’s applied directly to the warts. It works by preventing the warts from growing by inhibiting cell division. It’s typically applied twice a day for 3 days, followed by 4 days of rest. Like imiquimod, podofilox can cause skin irritation, including burning and itching.

Trichloroacetic Acid (TCA)
TCA is a chemical solution that a healthcare provider applies to the genital warts. It causes the warts to break down and eventually slough off. This treatment is often repeated weekly, and though effective, it can be uncomfortable and cause some localized irritation.

2. Cryotherapy (Freezing Treatment)

Cryotherapy involves freezing the warts with liquid nitrogen, which causes the wart tissue to die and fall off. This treatment is usually performed by a healthcare provider, though it can sometimes be done at home with a special kit for smaller warts.

Cryotherapy is considered effective for larger or more stubborn warts, and it is a relatively quick procedure. However, it may cause pain, blistering, and skin discoloration. Multiple sessions may be required for complete wart removal.

3. Electrosurgery and Laser Therapy

For individuals with larger or more extensive genital warts, electrosurgery and laser therapy may be recommended. These procedures are typically used when other treatments have failed.

Electrosurgery involves using an electrical current to burn off the warts. It is an outpatient procedure performed by a healthcare provider under local anesthesia. The procedure can be effective for removing large warts but can also cause discomfort and scarring.

Laser therapy uses focused light to vaporize the wart tissue. It’s typically reserved for more severe cases where other treatments have not been successful. While laser therapy is effective, it can be expensive and may require multiple sessions.

4. Surgical Removal

In rare cases where other treatments are not effective, surgical removal of genital warts may be necessary. This procedure is usually done under local anesthesia and involves excising the wart tissue using a scalpel or surgical scissors. Surgery is typically reserved for larger or stubborn warts that do not respond to other treatments. Recovery time is usually quick, though there is a risk of scarring and infection.

5. Chemical Treatments

In some cases, chemical treatments may be used to remove genital warts. These treatments involve the application of strong chemicals that destroy the wart tissue. One commonly used chemical is podophyllin, which is a resin that can be applied to the warts in a clinical setting. Podophyllin is effective, but it is not recommended for use at home because of the potential for serious side effects if not applied correctly.

6. Vaccine for HPV (Prevention)

While the HPV vaccine (such as Gardasil) does not treat existing genital warts, it is an important preventative measure. The vaccine protects against the most common high-risk and low-risk strains of HPV, including the strains that cause genital warts. Vaccination is especially recommended for individuals who have not yet been exposed to HPV and is most effective when given before the onset of sexual activity. While the vaccine does not clear existing warts, it may reduce the risk of future outbreaks.

How to Manage Symptoms and Prevent Outbreaks

While treating genital warts is important, managing symptoms and preventing future outbreaks are equally essential. Here are some tips for managing genital warts:

• Avoid irritation: Refrain from using harsh soaps or irritants in the genital area, as this can worsen irritation and discomfort. Opt for gentle, unscented products instead.
• Practice safe sex: Using condoms or dental dams during sexual activity can reduce the risk of spreading the virus to others and reinfecting yourself.
• Boost your immune system: A healthy immune system can help your body clear HPV more effectively. A balanced diet, regular exercise, and good sleep hygiene can support immune health.
• Consider follow-up care: Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider can help monitor the progress of your treatment and ensure that the warts do not return.

Top FAQs About Genital Warts

1. Can genital warts go away on their own? Yes, in some cases, genital warts can go away without treatment. However, this is not guaranteed, and many people require medical intervention to remove the warts. Even if they disappear, the virus can still be present in the body and may cause warts to reappear.

2. Are genital warts contagious? Yes, genital warts are highly contagious. They are spread through direct skin-to-skin contact during vaginal, anal, or oral sex. The virus can be transmitted even if no visible warts are present, so it’s important to practice safe sex to reduce the risk of transmission.

3. Can I still have sex if I have genital warts? It’s generally recommended to avoid sexual activity until the warts are treated and cleared. This reduces the risk of transmitting the virus to a partner. Using condoms and dental dams can provide some protection, but they don’t eliminate the risk entirely.

4. How long do treatments take to work? The time it takes for treatment to work varies depending on the type of treatment used and the size of the warts. Topical treatments like imiquimod may take several weeks or months to completely clear the warts, while cryotherapy and electrosurgery can show results after one or two sessions.

5. Can genital warts cause complications? In most cases, genital warts do not cause serious health complications. However, if left untreated, they can spread and become more numerous. In rare cases, untreated warts may obstruct the urethra or cause discomfort during sex. HPV strains that cause genital warts are also associated with a small risk of developing certain cancers, though this is typically related to high-risk HPV types.

6. Do I need to get tested for HPV if I have genital warts? If you have genital warts, it’s important to see a healthcare provider for testing. While HPV is the cause of genital warts, most people with the virus do not develop warts or have symptoms. Testing can help identify whether you have a high-risk strain of HPV that could increase your risk of cervical or other cancers.

Conclusion

While genital warts can be a frustrating condition, there are numerous treatment options available to help individuals with vulvas manage and remove the warts. The right treatment will depend on the specifics of your case, and it’s important to work with a healthcare provider to find the best solution for you. With proper care and treatment, genital warts can be effectively managed, and recurrence can be minimized.

If you have further questions or concerns about genital warts, don’t hesitate to reach out to a healthcare professional for personalized advice and care.